Sunday, July 29, 2018

Literature Review


One of the most common artists rights contract violations among photographers is their clients further editing or altering of photos posted on social media platforms. And with the growth of new (new to the photography world) social sharing apps, specifically Facebook and Instagram, copyright and contract violations are more of an issue than ever. With this arises the topic and discussion of who really owns the photos, and the importance of photographers using and enforcing their contracts. Let me begin by explaining a little of the legality behind my topic.
            A good friend of mine, also in the field of arts, said “I wouldn’t want to step on the work of the artist.” (Peschel). She explained it in different terms. It would be like taking someone’s song that they composed and changing one thing they didn’t like about it. It is now not the work of the artist, it is the work of that person. And if it sucks and your name is still attached to the work, well, then there goes the artists reputation. Similarly, when clients alter their photos after they are delivered by their photographer, the edits may not reflect the work of the photographer and deter future clients. Not only deter future clients, but its just plain rude to mess with an artists work. There is a lot of legality attached to doing work in this field. Along with the taxes, model and minor releases, insurance, and many other things, there is the very complex world of intellectual property law.
            Intellectual property, or IP, “refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce.” (WIPO). IP is protected by law. IP not only helps small businesses reap financial benefits, but it largely helps to support the national and state economics. It also drives competition among businesses. In fact, because of the competition the direct and indirect economic impacts account for over 40% of the U.S.’s economic growth. Because of this, it is important that we as citizens follow the law (obviously). So by altering an artist’s IP, whether that be musical works, an invention, or photographs, you are breaking the law. For photographic IP, if it specifically states it in a contract signed by both parties involved before delivery of the images, then you are not only breaking the law, you are violating contract. It is important to always follow the contract and always respect the wishes/rules of the photographer’s work. After all, you hired them because you liked their work and editing style. Even if it is not stated in their contract directly, clients still do not have the rights to the photos delivered and I think that people need to be educated about this. It is all about respect, keeping the business and that business’s work safe, and following the laws of IP.
            I have done a little bit of research over the years on this topic and it can still be quite confusing. The world of IP law is very complex, but the underlying principle remains the same over all media platforms. The rights to IP belong the one that has created the product. Over the past several weeks I have narrowed down my research to just a few methods. These methods are simple, but I believe they have the biggest impact on gathering the information needed to make sense of it all. The methods I chose are not broad like articles online can be. As I found out, online articles are not very specific in research of this nature. On exception of this might be the online photographers blog, run by a lawyer, called The Law Tog. I have used an article of hers in my research as it directly relates to my topic. But other articles I have found focus on too broad of subjects. I used a few to get general ideas, which you will see in my final paper.
            The final three methods consisted of concentration on those directly affected by photography and social media. I chose to speak with three photographer, two on a smaller, local scale, and one on a larger scale who works with surrounding areas and a wide variety of clients. This method focuses on the business aspect and can accurately show the effects that IP law and contract violations have on the creators. It also shows how social media has changed the way that photographers set up contracts and conduct their business including; contract wording and content, online bookings and marketing, IPS (in person sales), sneak peek posts, and the medium of delivered goods.  
I then chose to speak with those (the public) that have had their photos professionally done. I asked them a simple question and got their input and the results were not as surprising as I thought they would be. I kind of figured based on my audience what the answers would be. It is reassuring to know how the public views the topic, but also kind of discouraging (topic on self-perception). I will explain more on that topic in my final paper. This method of research is essential in the process because it offers the opinions of those not an expert in the field. It can help improve business for photographers as well as offer insight to how the public perceives their photographer and other artist’s works.
            I then reached out to several lawyers to try and get a professional opinion and an accurate representation/interpretation of the laws set in place for IP and contract violations. I respect the legal field and all that their careers entail, but I think some of them were being a little stingy on their answers. I eventually found a wonderful, highly successful lawyer to speak with about the topic. His name is Geoffrey Hall. He has been in the practice since 1988 conducting business in partnership with other lawyers and then forming his own private law practice in Blair, Nebraska. He now serves as a judge on the District Court in the 6th Judicial District. Because he does not currently practice as a lawyer, he was able to fully answer my questions in depth. I think it is important to get the legal side of the topic under my thumb before moving onto the private small businesses and the publics opinions.
            Overall, the methods are simple, but create accuracy for an important topic in today’s growing social media society. Growing social media platforms call for growing and changing how business is done. Contracts and laws to abide by these contracts play an essential role in protecting both parties involved. It keeps the business’s reputation safe for conducting future business, and keeps the clients safe in their understanding of the importance of such laws and contracts.

No comments:

Post a Comment